1. Roosevelt played the role of calming mediator between the two imperialist powers. With the help of Roosevelt, a fair deal was made betweeb Russia and Japan, resulting in peace.
2. America bought the project from the French for $40 million. The route allowed quick passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific through South America. America still had to deal with the Colombian government, who owned this land. The Colombian government denied access to the US, and the US organized a revolution, and then the canal was allowed to be built by the government of Panama.
3. The Roosevelt Corollary said that not only European powers should interfere with Latin America, but that America should therefore be the one to interfere.
4. Dollar Diplemency enforced the view that the US should hold influence over Latin American countries by giving America access to Nicaraguan banks and railroad systems in exchange for a loan to get them out of debt. This had angered the Nicaraguans, and the Roosevelt Corollary had sent in 2,000 marines to back Adolfo Diaz, the president of Nicaragua.
5. Wilson's philosophy of missionary diplomacy was a reason that Woodrow Wilson decided to invade Mexico, but there were also other reasons. He felt that he couldn't invade for only moral issues, so he waited for a legitimate reason to invade. Mexico had soon after arrested some US sailors, which is when Wilson decided to give imperialistic actions some thought. He decided later to invade Mexico, and the invasion began.
6. America had achieved multiple foreign policy goals around this time, and one of these was that the US achieved its responsibility to intervene with other powers. Roosevelt had showed this by the peace talks he had made to Russia and Japan. Another goal the US reached was that they were able to act as a world power, which they showed by adopting the ideas of a Roosevelt Corollary and mission diplomacy. A third goal America achieved was that the US was able to expand their power dramatically.
Thursday, November 19, 2009
Wednesday, November 4, 2009
Imperialism's Bitter Fruit
1. a) After the Spanish were forced out of the Philippines, fighting broke out between the American and Filipinos. This had started when an American soldier fired on a Filipino patrol that had refused to halt, 2 days before the Senate vote on the Treaty of Paris. For months, tension had been building up, and within hours of the shooting, fighting had spread to much of the area around Manila. The Filipinos had believed they were fighting for their independence, but they were not.
b) This was a different kind of warfare to American forces. Instead of confronting an organized army, U.S. soldiers had faced a quick-striking guerrilla movement. Both sides tortured and executed prisoners and committed other atrocities. The U.S. forced imprisoned almost the entire population of the island of Samara after guerrillas had wiped out an American garrison. American soldiers had also killed Filipino prisoners at random whenever an American soldier was killed.
2. African-Americans were strong critics of the war against Filipino nationalists as two regiments of black volunteers were among the U.S. troops who fought in the conflict. Black officers were appointed to command the volunteers. At home, African-American leaders were at the forefront of the backlash against the war. Black soldiers were discriminated against during this war just as they had been in Cuba. Roughly 500 African-Americans living in the Philippines were killed during the fighting.
3. a) Scholars of this time warned that imperialism would increase war and conflict around the world.
b) Mark Twainm, America's most famous living writer at the time, used his biting irony and wit to ridicule the stance of the imperialists. He was among the most effective critics of imperialism.
4. Congress had made Puerto Rico a territory in 1917 and had granted its people U.S. citizenship. Under a formula crafted by the US State Department, Cuba was to receive independence only after accepting a number of limitations. Both of these were positive effects of American occupation in Puerto Rico and Cuba.
5. a) The Platt Amendment had given the United States the right to oversee the Cuban economy.
b) The United States was also given the right to exercise veto power over Cuban foreign policy.
c) The United States could intervene whenever necessary "for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty".
d) Last, the United States was also allowed to build a naval base on the southeastern tip of the island at Guantanamo Bay.
I don't think that America was justified in making these demands because the US is saying that they are giving Cuba their independence, but with all these limitations, I wouldn't even consider it independence.
6. Personally, I think that the United States was becoming imperialist, as they were continuing to gain power and extend their boundaries. The US had expanded overseas in the 1890s and beyond, acquiring Cuba, the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico. This provided US leaders with the opportunity they had been looking for to increase that power. The US had claimed to be bringing freedom and civilization to the islands, but they were rarely considering the interests and hopes of the inhabitants.
b) This was a different kind of warfare to American forces. Instead of confronting an organized army, U.S. soldiers had faced a quick-striking guerrilla movement. Both sides tortured and executed prisoners and committed other atrocities. The U.S. forced imprisoned almost the entire population of the island of Samara after guerrillas had wiped out an American garrison. American soldiers had also killed Filipino prisoners at random whenever an American soldier was killed.
2. African-Americans were strong critics of the war against Filipino nationalists as two regiments of black volunteers were among the U.S. troops who fought in the conflict. Black officers were appointed to command the volunteers. At home, African-American leaders were at the forefront of the backlash against the war. Black soldiers were discriminated against during this war just as they had been in Cuba. Roughly 500 African-Americans living in the Philippines were killed during the fighting.
3. a) Scholars of this time warned that imperialism would increase war and conflict around the world.
b) Mark Twainm, America's most famous living writer at the time, used his biting irony and wit to ridicule the stance of the imperialists. He was among the most effective critics of imperialism.
4. Congress had made Puerto Rico a territory in 1917 and had granted its people U.S. citizenship. Under a formula crafted by the US State Department, Cuba was to receive independence only after accepting a number of limitations. Both of these were positive effects of American occupation in Puerto Rico and Cuba.
5. a) The Platt Amendment had given the United States the right to oversee the Cuban economy.
b) The United States was also given the right to exercise veto power over Cuban foreign policy.
c) The United States could intervene whenever necessary "for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty".
d) Last, the United States was also allowed to build a naval base on the southeastern tip of the island at Guantanamo Bay.
I don't think that America was justified in making these demands because the US is saying that they are giving Cuba their independence, but with all these limitations, I wouldn't even consider it independence.
6. Personally, I think that the United States was becoming imperialist, as they were continuing to gain power and extend their boundaries. The US had expanded overseas in the 1890s and beyond, acquiring Cuba, the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico. This provided US leaders with the opportunity they had been looking for to increase that power. The US had claimed to be bringing freedom and civilization to the islands, but they were rarely considering the interests and hopes of the inhabitants.
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